Diagnostic Medical Sonography (DMS) Practice Exam

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• Sound waves are also called what?
• What is the order of adjustment (1-5)?
• Which term is the standard expansion for the TGC acronym?
• Which term describes a sound wave with frequency greater than 20,000 Hz?
• What type of wave has particles moving in the same direction as the wave propagates?
• All waves carry ___ from one place to another.
• What units are used to express pressure in acoustics and ultrasound?
• PRF is the reciprocal of PRP.
• Propagation speed is determined by which factor?
• Sound waves are also called ___ waves.
• Which option correctly lists the standard relationships between PRF and PRP?
• In ultrasound acoustics, what quantity represents the distance covered in one complete cycle?
• Pulse repetition frequency is reported in units of?
• Spatial pulse length is determined by which factors?
• If two waves have the same PRF, their PRP must be the same.
• Which combination describes a medium in which sound would travel fast according to the given relationships?
• What is the rate at which a sound wave travels through a medium called?
• What is PRP determined by?
• Power is measured in which units?
• Is the period adjustable by the sonographer?
• Which statement correctly defines wavelength?
• Among the following pulses, which has the lowest PRF?
• How is SPL related to the number of cycles in the pulse?
• Which term best defines the phenomenon where two waves are not in phase, resulting in partial cancellation?
• What are the two components of pulsed ultrasound?
• When two waves peaks and troughs occur at different times, they are described as what?
• Which term describes the weakening of the ultrasound wave as it travels through tissue?
• How are PRF and transmission frequency related?
• Which type of wave has particle motion parallel to the direction of propagation?
• Which statement is true about ultrasound?
• Duty factor is determined by which of the following?
• How is SPL related to frequency?
• Sound cannot travel through a ___.
• Intensity is determined by which factor?
• Two waves can have identical PRF's, even if their frequencies are different.
• An exponent of zero means the number is between ___ and ___.
• A pair of out-of-phase waves combine and result in ___
• Is intensity adjustable by the sonographer?
• If depth of view is reduced from 8 cm to 2 cm, PRF will:
• Which of the following is not a bigness parameter?
• Which description best defines a longitudinal wave?
• Materials that are stiff but not dense will travel ___.
• Which two quantities are determined by the sound source?
• Two items that are not associated.
• Which of these waves is ultrasonic and most useful in diagnostic sonography?
• Sound requires a ___ to travel.
• Duty factor is expressed using which unit?
• Sound pulses are created by a ___ and travel through biologic tissues.
• When peaks occur at the same time and place for two waves, they are described as in which state?
• The difference between the maximum value and the average value is called what?
• What is the equation for wavelength used in this context?
• Wavelength is typically measured in which units?
• Which control is used to increase the overall brightness of the entire ultrasound image?
• The difference between the maximum and minimum values is called what?
• What is the equation for duty factor?
• Which parameter is used to compensate for depth-related gain loss, by selectively amplifying deeper signals?
• How is SPL related to wavelength?
• The time from the start of one pulse to the start of the next, including the pulse duration and listening time, is called what?
• Which factor does not determine spatial pulse length?
• How is intensity related to power?
• PRP is defined as the time between the start of one pulse and the start of the next.
• Two waves can have identical PRF values even if their PRPs are different.
• Amplitude is mostly identified with decibels (dB).
• Which term describes the region where molecules are spread apart in a sound wave?
• Two items that are associated, when one increases the other decreases.
• Is wavelength adjustable by the sonographer?
• Which statement is true about measurement units?
• Is the duty factor adjustable?
• Areas where molecules are stretched apart are called ___.
• A collection of cycles that travel together is called a(n):
• What are the five parameters that describe pulsed sound?
• When two numbers with a reciprocal relationship are multiplied together, the result is what.
• Which knob is labeled Gain (B-mode)?
• Beam area reduces to one quarter while power constant; intensity changes by:
• Which sequence correctly lists the given prefixes from smallest to largest?
• Which property describes the relative weight of a material?
• Which statement about a reciprocal relationship is true?
• Which term describes the set of properties that characterize a sound wave, such as period, frequency, amplitude, power, intensity, wavelength, and propagation speed?
• Is power adjustable by the sonographer?
• Which acoustic parameter describes how often the wave repeats per unit time?
• Sound travels in a ___ line.
• Which statement about PRP in relation to Depth Of View is true?
• What is the reciprocal of 1/8?
• How many kilometers are in 3,000 meters?
• Sound waves are best described as what in terms of their propagation?
• Areas where molecules are compressed are called ___.
• PRF is typically expressed in which unit?
• If the period doubles while the number of cycles stays the same, pulse duration will
• Which interference occurs when two waves combine to produce a higher amplitude than either wave alone?
• Is propagation speed adjustable by the sonographer?
• Amplitude and power are related how?
• In pulsed ultrasound, which quantity represents the fraction of time the transmitter is on during each cycle?
• Which factor directly determines PRP?
• Which axis runs up and down (vertically)?
• Which term describes the effects of the sound wave upon the medium?
• Destructive interference results in which outcome?
• Two characteristics of short duration?
• Which term describes the concentration of energy in a sound beam?
• Sound is classified as a ___ wave.
• What is the reciprocal of 100?
• If frequency doubles and the number of cycles remains the same, SPL will
• In which medium does sound propagate the fastest?
• Which pulse has the highest PRF among the following options?
• What happens to PRP when imaging deeper?
• Which option represents the correct unit for area?
• Which statement correctly defines duty factor?
• Constructive interference occurs when waves are in which relationship?
• Which two parameters is this image measuring?
• How is intensity related to amplitude?
• Which axis runs side to side (horizontal)?
• Is frequency adjustable by the sonographer?
• Which prefix represents the smallest magnitude in the given set?
• In the PRP framework, the on time is also known as?
• The percentage or fraction of time that the system transmits a pulse.
• Which statement correctly describes 3 MHz in hertz?
• In what unit is period reported?
• What happens to PRP when imaging shallower?
• Which equation correctly defines wavelength in a traveling wave?
• What is the relationship between frequency and wavelength?
• Is the pulse repetition frequency adjustable?
• A sound wave that is less than 20 Hz is called what?
• Which term describes the region where molecules are compressed in a sound wave?
• Which acoustic parameter defines the rate of energy transfer per unit time?
• Which term describes the 2D ultrasound image mode, commonly abbreviated B-mode?
• In ultrasound imaging, which parameter is represented by the image?
• What statement is true about unit changes in conversion?
• Which knob is labeled Time Gain Compensation (TGC)?
• If the frequency increases while the number of cycles remains constant, pulse duration will
• Units for volume
• What is the maximum value for duty factor?
• Center of interest without losing info.
• What determines wavelength?
• What is the time from the start of a pulse to the end of the same pulse called?
• The distance a pulse occupies in space from its start to its end is described by which term?
• A negative exponent means the number is less than ___.
• Which types of waves will exhibit both constructive and destructive interference?
• Which sequence correctly lists the metric prefixes from smallest to largest?
• Conversion units can be treated as ___ with a value of ___.
• Pulse duration and number of cycles relationship?
• If power increases while beam area remains constant, what happens to intensity?
• All numerical values must have corresponding what?
• Amplitude is determined by which of the following?
• If one acoustic variable oscillates rhythmically, the wave is classified as a ___ wave.
• When units change, the total picture remains unchanged; the presentation changes.
• How many millimeters are in 8 liters?
• The number of particular events that occur in a specific duration of time describes which quantity?
• A positive exponent means the number is greater than ___.
• The average acoustic power delivered to tissue is most directly affected by which parameter?
• What units describe pulse duration?
• Which acoustic parameter describes the time interval between successive peaks of a wave?
• A pulse with 4 cycles and a period of 2 μs per cycle has a pulse duration?
• Units for area
• Which knob is used to compensate for attenuation with depth?
• Is PRP adjustable?
• Which description best reflects how sound waves travel through a medium in many imaging contexts?
• Sound travels fastest in __ and slowest in __.
• Which physical quantity is being measured by this image?
• The time between the start of one cycle and the start of the next cycle is known as what?
• Beam area doubles while power remains constant; the change in intensity is:
• Is amplitude adjustable by the sonographer?
• Which acoustic parameter describes energy carried by the wave per unit area per unit time?
• What are the two components of PRP?
• Which statement correctly converts 1000 meters to kilometers?
• In pulsed ultrasound, which quantity is measured by the duration of the emitted pulse?
• In ultrasound imaging, shorter pulse duration is desirable because it yields what?
• Units for length
• A number followed by the word percent means it is what kind of quantity?
• Which term is NOT one of the three acoustic variables?
• Two variables are inversely related. If one increases, the other
• Which parameter describes the distance over which the wave travels during one period?
• Which term describes the zone where the beam focus yields the best spatial resolution?
• Which unit is used to report PRF?
• What type of wave has particle motion perpendicular to the direction of wave propagation?
• Which term describes the effects of the medium on a sound wave?
• PRF is unrelated to which of the following?
• Can a sonographer adjust pulse duration?
• In sound waves, particles move back and forth from a fixed position. Which option describes this motion?
• When the sonographer adjusted the DOV to 20 cm, what happens to the PRF?
• In propagation terms, tissue is often described as which of the following?
• How much bigger is a thousand than ten?
• If a value is decreased by a factor, what operation is performed?
• If PRP doubles, PRF halves.
• Which of the following pulse repetition frequencies (PRFs) yields the shortest pulse repetition period (PRP)?
• How are PRP and PRF related?
• PRF and PRP are determined only by the imaging depth.
• What unit is intensity measured in?
• What term refers to a device function that adjusts gain at specific depths, gradually increasing with depth?
• How many centimeters are in 3 meters?
• Which equation expresses pulse duration?
• Where should focal zones be placed to optimize resolution?
• The three acoustic variables are ___, ___, ___.
• Two waves in phase result in which effect on amplitude?
• What is the typical value for duty factor?
• Which term describes the speed at which a sound wave propagates through a medium?
• Materials that are not stiff and are very dense will travel ___.
• Propagation speed is primarily determined by which property of the medium?
• When two waves are not in step and are 180 degrees out of phase, the term that best describes this relationship is:
• Which statement about focal zones is true?
• Which term refers to the off-time interval in PRP?
• When imaging deeper structures, the PRF is:
• What is frequency determined by?
• What occurs when two waves meet at the same location and time and change their characteristics?
• What type of wave is characterized by particle motion perpendicular to the direction of travel?
• What determines the period of a sound wave?
• Two items are associated, when one increases the other increases.
• Two items that are associated, when one increases the other increases.
• If imaging depth increases from 2 cm to 6 cm, which statement is true about PRF?
• Which term describes the ability of an object to resist compression?
• If the number of cycles increases while the period remains constant, what happens to pulse duration?
• Which type of interference is demonstrated by this ultrasound image?
• Pulse duration is determined by what?
• Which of the following is not one of the seven acoustic parameters listed?
• Focus where the US is at its narrowest and the best spatial resolution occurs.
• For a fixed number of cycles, increasing the speed of sound in the medium will have what effect on SPL?
• With amplitude changes, intensity changes how?
• Which quantity describes the spatial length of a single pulse in tissue?
• The number of pulses that an ultrasound system transmits into the body each second is called?
• What is defined as the time from the start of one cycle to the start of the next cycle?
• Which term describes waves that have the same phase at a point in space and time?
• If PRF doubles, what happens to PRP?
• What is another word for tissue?
• In ultrasound imaging, which property does amplitude describe?
• Two characteristics of long duration?
• Which prefix is not in the provided list: mega, micro, milli, hecto, deca, deci?
• How are PRP and DOV related?
• Spatial pulse length is measured in which units?
• If PRF is 5 kHz, what is PRP?
• Pulse repetition frequency is determined by?
• Which of the following is a standard unit for speed in ultrasound?
• Pulse duration and frequency relationship?
• Peak-to-peak amplitude is the difference between which two values?
• The rate at which energy is transferred or work is performed is called what?
• Which statement correctly defines period?
• How are PRF and Depth of View (DOV) related?
• What are the three bigness parameters?
• If the number of cycles is doubled while wavelength remains the same, SPL will
• How are period and PRP related?
• If a quantity is increased by a factor, what operation is performed?
• What is the equation for intensity?
• Which of these values for PRF would have the longest PRP?
• When imaging shallow structures, the PRF is higher or lower?
• What is the source of a sound wave?
• Reducing sector size improves lateral resolution; which adjustment describes this?
• How many hertz are in 3 MHz?
• Amplitude is adjustable by the sonographer under which condition?
• What unit is frequency reported in?
• In the five-step adjustment order, which item is last?
• Is spatial pulse length adjustable?
• What is the reciprocal of 10?
• Which component serves as the energy source that initiates the wave in ultrasound imaging?
• Two waves can have identical pulse repetition frequencies, even if their periods are different.
• TGC (time gain compensation) is also known as what?
• Which list correctly names the five parameters that describe pulsed sound?
• What units describe pulse repetition period?
• Frequencies between 20 Hz and 20,000 Hz are called what?
• Which statement about sector size is true?
• Which knob is used to adjust time-gain compensation to compensate for depth?
• Which statement best describes the dependence of beam intensity on power and area?
• Which knob is labeled Depth compensation?
• Reflections occur at ___ between structures.
• What happens when two waves are in phase?
• In pulsed ultrasound, which quantity is the time interval between the start of successive pulses?
• An ultrasound machine is imaging to a depth of 2 cm. would the PRF be described as high or low?
• Sound waves are ___ waves.
• What units describe propagation speed?
• If frequency increases while speed remains constant, what happens to wavelength?
• Power in ultrasound is determined primarily by what factor?
• 2D image is referred to as what two terms?
• How many centimeters are in 1 meter?
• What is the speed of sound in soft tissue?
• Which statement is true about spatial pulse length?
• In a transverse wave, the displacement of particles is perpendicular to the direction of propagation. Which description matches this statement?
• Pulse duration and period relationship?
• Is pulse duration independent of tissue properties?
• Which setting directly compensates for depth-dependent attenuation?
• Which scenario would yield the slowest sound travel according to the relationships described?
• Which two material properties influence the propagation speed of sound?
• What is the minimum value for duty factor?
• Which prefix corresponds to 10^2 in the given list?
• What units are used to measure amplitude?
• Which device is used to emit ultrasound waves in diagnostic imaging?
• Which of the following best describes sound waves?
• Which knob is used to adjust the overall brightness of the display (B-mode) without changing depth or resolution?